모듈:Jsonschema/net.url
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2023년 7월 27일 (목) 11:21 (KST)기준 사용되는 문서가 모듈:Jsonschema/store뿐이기에 하위 문서에 작성했으나, 다른 모듈에서 사용하는 경우가 생길 시 전역 모듈 페이지로 옮기셔도 무방합니다.
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-- net/url.lua - a robust url parser and builder
--
-- Bertrand Mansion, 2011-2021; License MIT
-- @module net.url
-- @alias M
local M = {}
M.version = "1.1.0"
--- url options
-- - `separator` is set to `&` by default but could be anything like `&` or `;`
-- - `cumulative_parameters` is false by default. If true, query parameters with the same name will be stored in a table.
-- - `legal_in_path` is a table of characters that will not be url encoded in path components
-- - `legal_in_query` is a table of characters that will not be url encoded in query values. Query parameters only support a small set of legal characters (-_.).
-- - `query_plus_is_space` is true by default, so a plus sign in a query value will be converted to %20 (space), not %2B (plus)
-- @todo Add option to limit the size of the argument table
-- @todo Add option to limit the depth of the argument table
-- @todo Add option to process dots in parameter names, ie. `param.filter=1`
M.options = {
separator = '&',
cumulative_parameters = false,
legal_in_path = {
[":"] = true, ["-"] = true, ["_"] = true, ["."] = true,
["!"] = true, ["~"] = true, ["*"] = true, ["'"] = true,
["("] = true, [")"] = true, ["@"] = true, ["&"] = true,
["="] = true, ["$"] = true, [","] = true,
[";"] = true
},
legal_in_query = {
[":"] = true, ["-"] = true, ["_"] = true, ["."] = true,
[","] = true, ["!"] = true, ["~"] = true, ["*"] = true,
["'"] = true, [";"] = true, ["("] = true, [")"] = true,
["@"] = true, ["$"] = true,
},
query_plus_is_space = true
}
--- list of known and common scheme ports
-- as documented in <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes.html">IANA URI scheme list</a>
M.services = {
acap = 674,
cap = 1026,
dict = 2628,
ftp = 21,
gopher = 70,
http = 80,
https = 443,
iax = 4569,
icap = 1344,
imap = 143,
ipp = 631,
ldap = 389,
mtqp = 1038,
mupdate = 3905,
news = 2009,
nfs = 2049,
nntp = 119,
rtsp = 554,
sip = 5060,
snmp = 161,
telnet = 23,
tftp = 69,
vemmi = 575,
afs = 1483,
jms = 5673,
rsync = 873,
prospero = 191,
videotex = 516
}
local function decode(str)
return (str:gsub("%%(%x%x)", function(c)
return string.char(tonumber(c, 16))
end))
end
local function encode(str, legal)
return (str:gsub("([^%w])", function(v)
if legal[v] then
return v
end
return string.upper(string.format("%%%02x", string.byte(v)))
end))
end
-- for query values, + can mean space if configured as such
local function decodeValue(str)
if M.options.query_plus_is_space then
str = str:gsub('+', ' ')
end
return decode(str)
end
local function concat(a, b)
if type(a) == 'table' then
return a:build() .. b
else
return a .. b:build()
end
end
function M:addSegment(path)
if type(path) == 'string' then
self.path = self.path .. '/' .. encode(path:gsub("^/+", ""), M.options.legal_in_path)
end
return self
end
--- builds the url
-- @return a string representing the built url
function M:build()
local url = ''
if self.path then
local path = self.path
url = url .. tostring(path)
end
if self.query then
local qstring = tostring(self.query)
if qstring ~= "" then
url = url .. '?' .. qstring
end
end
if self.host then
local authority = self.host
if self.port and self.scheme and M.services[self.scheme] ~= self.port then
authority = authority .. ':' .. self.port
end
local userinfo
if self.user and self.user ~= "" then
userinfo = self.user
if self.password then
userinfo = userinfo .. ':' .. self.password
end
end
if userinfo and userinfo ~= "" then
authority = userinfo .. '@' .. authority
end
if authority then
if url ~= "" then
url = '//' .. authority .. '/' .. url:gsub('^/+', '')
else
url = '//' .. authority
end
end
end
if self.scheme then
url = self.scheme .. ':' .. url
end
if self.fragment then
url = url .. '#' .. self.fragment
end
return url
end
--- builds the querystring
-- @param tab The key/value parameters
-- @param sep The separator to use (optional)
-- @param key The parent key if the value is multi-dimensional (optional)
-- @return a string representing the built querystring
function M.buildQuery(tab, sep, key)
local query = {}
if not sep then
sep = M.options.separator or '&'
end
local keys = {}
for k in pairs(tab) do
keys[#keys+1] = k
end
table.sort(keys, function (a, b)
local function padnum(n, rest) return ("%03d"..rest):format(tonumber(n)) end
return tostring(a):gsub("(%d+)(%.)",padnum) < tostring(b):gsub("(%d+)(%.)",padnum)
end)
for _,name in ipairs(keys) do
local value = tab[name]
name = encode(tostring(name), {["-"] = true, ["_"] = true, ["."] = true})
if key then
if M.options.cumulative_parameters and string.find(name, '^%d+$') then
name = tostring(key)
else
name = string.format('%s[%s]', tostring(key), tostring(name))
end
end
if type(value) == 'table' then
query[#query+1] = M.buildQuery(value, sep, name)
else
local value = encode(tostring(value), M.options.legal_in_query)
if value ~= "" then
query[#query+1] = string.format('%s=%s', name, value)
else
query[#query+1] = name
end
end
end
return table.concat(query, sep)
end
--- Parses the querystring to a table
-- This function can parse multidimensional pairs and is mostly compatible
-- with PHP usage of brackets in key names like ?param[key]=value
-- @param str The querystring to parse
-- @param sep The separator between key/value pairs, defaults to `&`
-- @todo limit the max number of parameters with M.options.max_parameters
-- @return a table representing the query key/value pairs
function M.parseQuery(str, sep)
if not sep then
sep = M.options.separator or '&'
end
local values = {}
for key,val in str:gmatch(string.format('([^%q=]+)(=*[^%q=]*)', sep, sep)) do
local key = decodeValue(key)
local keys = {}
key = key:gsub('%[([^%]]*)%]', function(v)
-- extract keys between balanced brackets
if string.find(v, "^-?%d+$") then
v = tonumber(v)
else
v = decodeValue(v)
end
table.insert(keys, v)
return "="
end)
key = key:gsub('=+.*$', "")
key = key:gsub('%s', "_") -- remove spaces in parameter name
val = val:gsub('^=+', "")
if not values[key] then
values[key] = {}
end
if #keys > 0 and type(values[key]) ~= 'table' then
values[key] = {}
elseif #keys == 0 and type(values[key]) == 'table' then
values[key] = decodeValue(val)
elseif M.options.cumulative_parameters
and type(values[key]) == 'string' then
values[key] = { values[key] }
table.insert(values[key], decodeValue(val))
end
local t = values[key]
for i,k in ipairs(keys) do
if type(t) ~= 'table' then
t = {}
end
if k == "" then
k = #t+1
end
if not t[k] then
t[k] = {}
end
if i == #keys then
t[k] = val
end
t = t[k]
end
end
setmetatable(values, { __tostring = M.buildQuery })
return values
end
--- set the url query
-- @param query Can be a string to parse or a table of key/value pairs
-- @return a table representing the query key/value pairs
function M:setQuery(query)
local query = query
if type(query) == 'table' then
query = M.buildQuery(query)
end
self.query = M.parseQuery(query)
return query
end
--- set the authority part of the url
-- The authority is parsed to find the user, password, port and host if available.
-- @param authority The string representing the authority
-- @return a string with what remains after the authority was parsed
function M:setAuthority(authority)
self.authority = authority
self.port = nil
self.host = nil
self.userinfo = nil
self.user = nil
self.password = nil
authority = authority:gsub('^([^@]*)@', function(v)
self.userinfo = v
return ''
end)
authority = authority:gsub(':(%d+)$', function(v)
self.port = tonumber(v)
return ''
end)
local function getIP(str)
-- ipv4
local chunks = { str:match("^(%d+)%.(%d+)%.(%d+)%.(%d+)$") }
if #chunks == 4 then
for _, v in pairs(chunks) do
if tonumber(v) > 255 then
return false
end
end
return str
end
-- ipv6
local chunks = { str:match("^%["..(("([a-fA-F0-9]*):"):rep(8):gsub(":$","%%]$"))) }
if #chunks == 8 or #chunks < 8 and
str:match('::') and not str:gsub("::", "", 1):match('::') then
for _,v in pairs(chunks) do
if #v > 0 and tonumber(v, 16) > 65535 then
return false
end
end
return str
end
return nil
end
local ip = getIP(authority)
if ip then
self.host = ip
elseif type(ip) == 'nil' then
-- domain
if authority ~= '' and not self.host then
local host = authority:lower()
if string.match(host, '^[%d%a%-%.]+$') ~= nil and
string.sub(host, 0, 1) ~= '.' and
string.sub(host, -1) ~= '.' and
string.find(host, '%.%.') == nil then
self.host = host
end
end
end
if self.userinfo then
local userinfo = self.userinfo
userinfo = userinfo:gsub(':([^:]*)$', function(v)
self.password = v
return ''
end)
if string.find(userinfo, "^[%w%+%.]+$") then
self.user = userinfo
else
-- incorrect userinfo
self.userinfo = nil
self.user = nil
self.password = nil
end
end
return authority
end
--- Parse the url into the designated parts.
-- Depending on the url, the following parts can be available:
-- scheme, userinfo, user, password, authority, host, port, path,
-- query, fragment
-- @param url Url string
-- @return a table with the different parts and a few other functions
function M.parse(url)
local comp = {}
M.setAuthority(comp, "")
M.setQuery(comp, "")
local url = tostring(url or '')
url = url:gsub('#(.*)$', function(v)
comp.fragment = v
return ''
end)
url =url:gsub('^([%w][%w%+%-%.]*)%:', function(v)
comp.scheme = v:lower()
return ''
end)
url = url:gsub('%?(.*)', function(v)
M.setQuery(comp, v)
return ''
end)
url = url:gsub('^//([^/]*)', function(v)
M.setAuthority(comp, v)
return ''
end)
comp.path = url:gsub("([^/]+)", function (s) return encode(decode(s), M.options.legal_in_path) end)
setmetatable(comp, {
__index = M,
__tostring = M.build,
__concat = concat,
__div = M.addSegment
})
return comp
end
--- removes dots and slashes in urls when possible
-- This function will also remove multiple slashes
-- @param path The string representing the path to clean
-- @return a string of the path without unnecessary dots and segments
function M.removeDotSegments(path)
local fields = {}
if string.len(path) == 0 then
return ""
end
local startslash = false
local endslash = false
if string.sub(path, 1, 1) == "/" then
startslash = true
end
if (string.len(path) > 1 or startslash == false) and string.sub(path, -1) == "/" then
endslash = true
end
path:gsub('[^/]+', function(c) table.insert(fields, c) end)
local new = {}
local j = 0
for i,c in ipairs(fields) do
if c == '..' then
if j > 0 then
j = j - 1
end
elseif c ~= "." then
j = j + 1
new[j] = c
end
end
local ret = ""
if #new > 0 and j > 0 then
ret = table.concat(new, '/', 1, j)
else
ret = ""
end
if startslash then
ret = '/'..ret
end
if endslash then
ret = ret..'/'
end
return ret
end
local function reducePath(base_path, relative_path)
if string.sub(relative_path, 1, 1) == "/" then
return '/' .. string.gsub(relative_path, '^[%./]+', '')
end
local path = base_path
local startslash = string.sub(path, 1, 1) ~= "/";
if relative_path ~= "" then
path = (startslash and '' or '/') .. path:gsub("[^/]*$", "")
end
path = path .. relative_path
path = path:gsub("([^/]*%./)", function (s)
if s ~= "./" then return s else return "" end
end)
path = string.gsub(path, "/%.$", "/")
local reduced
while reduced ~= path do
reduced = path
path = string.gsub(reduced, "([^/]*/%.%./)", function (s)
if s ~= "../../" then return "" else return s end
end)
end
path = string.gsub(path, "([^/]*/%.%.?)$", function (s)
if s ~= "../.." then return "" else return s end
end)
local reduced
while reduced ~= path do
reduced = path
path = string.gsub(reduced, '^/?%.%./', '')
end
return (startslash and '' or '/') .. path
end
--- builds a new url by using the one given as parameter and resolving paths
-- @param other A string or a table representing a url
-- @return a new url table
function M:resolve(other)
if type(self) == "string" then
self = M.parse(self)
end
if type(other) == "string" then
other = M.parse(other)
end
if other.scheme then
return other
else
other.scheme = self.scheme
if not other.authority or other.authority == "" then
other:setAuthority(self.authority)
if not other.path or other.path == "" then
other.path = self.path
local query = other.query
if not query or not next(query) then
other.query = self.query
end
else
other.path = reducePath(self.path, other.path)
end
end
return other
end
end
--- normalize a url path following some common normalization rules
-- described on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_normalization">The URL normalization page of Wikipedia</a>
-- @return the normalized path
function M:normalize()
if type(self) == 'string' then
self = M.parse(self)
end
if self.path then
local path = self.path
path = reducePath(path, "")
-- normalize multiple slashes
path = string.gsub(path, "//+", "/")
self.path = path
end
return self
end
return M